Cor Vasa 2025, 67(5):614-619 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2025.027

Association of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and factors risk in Western Algeria: case-control study

Asma Amrani-Midoun^{a, b}, Nadia Laredj^c, Taki Djebaili^{b, d}, Djelti Mounia^{b, d}, Abdelkader Djelloul^{b, d}, Lilia Zouli^{b, d}, Hamid Aoumeur^{b, d}, Nachi Mourad^{b, d}

^a Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Algeria

^b Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Algeria

^c Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University-Hospital-Center of Oran, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Algeria

^d Biochemistry Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Algeria

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene has been associated with the risk of developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Our case-control study aimed to access the potential association of insertion/deletion (I/D) ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) gene polymorphism and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) among a sample of Algerian patients from Western Algeria.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study comprising 169 individuals including 70 healthy subjects and 99 STEMI patients. ACE I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers.

Results: The prevalence of DD, ID, and II genotypes in our patients group were 48.48%, 43.43%, and 8.08%respectively vs 2.85%, 35.75% and 61.42% in the control group. These results showed that the frequency of the DD genotype and the D allele was significantly higher in cases with ACS compared to controls (χ² = 67.63; P = 0.0001) (P < 0.05, OR = 9.03, 95% CI: 5.41-15.01). We also noticed that there was no significant association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and STEMI-relevant traditional risk factors like age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest a statistically significant association between the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and the risk of developing ACS in the studied sample.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), Case-control study, I/D ACE gene polymorphism, PCR, Western Algerian population

Received: February 5, 2025; Revised: February 5, 2025; Accepted: February 13, 2025; Prepublished online: June 2, 2012; Published: November 6, 2025  Show citation