Cor Vasa 2025, 67(4):457-463 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2025.071

(Mitral regurgitation - a review article)

Alena Večeřová, Jana Podzimková, Kristýna Bayerová, Gabriela Dostálová

^a II. interní klinika kardiologie a angiologie, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze, Praha

Mitral regurgitation (MR) represents one of the most prevalent valvular heart pathologies, with its pathophysiological mechanism closely associated with structural and morphological alterations of the mitral valve (MV), which may be of congenital or acquired origin. Accurate and systematic echocardiographic evaluation of both anatomical and functional components of the MV is essential for the optimal timing of therapeutic interventions, whether surgical, transcatheter, or conservative, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes and long-term prognosis. A comprehensive assessment of MV anatomy, including leaflet morphology, annular geometry, subvalvular apparatus, and papillary muscle configuration, is critical for understanding the pathomechanics of regurgitation and its progression. These structures exhibit variability influenced by age, ventricular remodeling, and underlying comorbidities, necessitating an individualized diagnostic approach. Contemporary practice highlights the central role of advanced echocardiographic modalities, particularly three-dimensional transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, in the precise characterization of MV pathology. This imaging strategy supports accurate quantification of regurgitant severity and facilitates procedural planning. A patient-tailored approach remains essential for selecting the most appropriate therapeutic strategy and optimizing clinical management.

Keywords: Barlow's disease, Fibroelastic degeneration, Mitral regurgitation, Mitral valve echocardiography, Mitral valve repair echocardiography,

Received: June 1, 2025; Revised: June 11, 2025; Accepted: June 14, 2025; Prepublished online: June 2, 2012; Published: October 6, 2025  Show citation