Cor Vasa 2024, 66(6):608-614 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2024.082

Serum Paraoxonase-1 and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Siho Hidayeta, Lutfu Askinb
a Department of Cardiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
b Department of Cardiology, Gaziantep Islamic Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey

Due to where paraoxonase-1 (PON-1)'s hydrophobic lipid domain is located, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the cell membranes on the outside from oxidation. It doesn't stop the formation of conjugated dienes, but it changes the products of lipid peroxidation into harmless carboxylic acids instead of aldehydes that could link to apolipoprotein B. Serum PON-1 inversely affects new events in diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation decrease PON-1 activity. Human PON-1 gene ablation or overexpression in animals enhances or reduces atherosclerosis susceptibility. Unlike AII, serum amyloid A, and myeloperoxidase, apolipoprotein AI and lecithin : cholesterol acyl transferase boost PON-1 antioxidant activity. Diet and pre-existing lipid-modifying drugs may impact PON-1 activity, but specific PON-1-raising therapy is required.

Keywords: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, High-density lipoprotein, Paraoxonase-1

Received: September 16, 2024; Revised: September 16, 2024; Accepted: October 11, 2024; Prepublished online: June 2, 2012; Published: December 20, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Hidayet S, Askin L. Serum Paraoxonase-1 and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Cor Vasa. 2024;66(6):608-614. doi: 10.33678/cor.2024.082.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Durrington PN, Bashir B, Soran H. Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023;10:1065967. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Triolo M, Annema W, Dullaart RP, et al. Assessing the functional properties of high-density lipoproteins: an emerging concept in cardiovascular research. Biomark Med 2013;7:457-472. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Karabina SA, Lehner AN, Frank E, et al. Oxidative inactivation of paraoxonase - - implications in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1725:213-221. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Graner M, James RW, Kahri J, et al. Association of paraoxonase-1 activity and concentration with angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:2429-2435. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Birjmohun RS, Vergeer M, Stroes ES, et al. Both paraoxonase-1 genotype and activity do not predict the risk of future coronary artery disease; the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. PloS One 2009;4:e6809. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Tang WH, Hartiala J, Fan Y, et al. Clinical and genetic association of serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with cardiovascular risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:2803-2812. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Patra SK, Singh K, Singh R. Paraoxonase 1: a better atherosclerotic risk predictor than HDL in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013;7:108-111. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Chistiakov D, Melnichenko A, Orekhov A, et al. Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. Biochimie 2017;132:19-27. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Mackness B, Durrington P, McElduff P, et al. Low paraoxonase activity predicts coronary events in the caerphilly prospective study. Circulation 2003;107:2775-2779. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Kunutsor S, Bakker S, James R, et al. Serum paraoxonase-1 activity and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: the PREVEND study and meta-analysis of prospective population studies. Atherosclerosis 2016;245:143-154. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Tang W, Hartiala J, Fan Y, et al. Clinical and genetic association of serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities with cardiovascular risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:2803-2812. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Corsetti J, Sparks C, James R, et al. Low serum paraoxonase-1 activity associates with incident cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with concurrently high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein. J Clin Med 2019;8:1357. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Bhattacharyya T, Nicholls S, Topol E, et al. Relationship of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) gene polymorphisms and functional activity with systemic oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk. JAMA 2008;299:1265-1276. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Perła-Kaján J, Borowczyk K, Głowacki R, et al. Paraoxonase 1 Q192R genotype and activity affect homocysteine thiolactone levels in humans. FASEB J 2018 May 21:fj201800346R. doi: 10.1096/fj.201800346R. Epub ahead of print. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Murillo-González F, Ponce-Ruiz N, Rojas-García A, et al. PON-1 lactonase activity and its association with cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020;500:47-53. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Petric B, Kunej T, Bavec AA. Multi-omics analysis of PON-1 lactonase activity in relation to human health and disease. Omics 2021;25:38-51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Jakubowski H. Homocysteine modification in protein structure/function and human disease. Physiol Rev 2018;99:555-604. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Borowczyk K, Piechocka J, Głowacki R, et al. Urinary excretion of homocysteine thiolactone and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in coronary artery disease patients: the WENBIT trial. J Inter Med 2019;285:232-244. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Cherry N, Mackness M, Durrington P, et al. Paraoxonase (PON-1) polymorphisms in farmers attributing ill health to sheep dip. Lancet 2002;359:763-764. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Zanchett G, Oliveira-Filho E. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins: from impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health to anticarcinogenic effects. Toxins 2013;5:1896-1917. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Hiblot J, Gotthard G, Chabriere E, et al. Characterisation of the organophosphate hydrolase catalytic activity of SsoPox. Sci Rep 2012;2:779. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Blum M, Chen J. Structural characterization of the catalytic calcium-binding site in diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) - comparison with related beta-propeller enzymes. Chem Biol Interact 2010;187:373-379. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Lei X, Zhu J, Cheng W, et al. Paradoxical roles of antioxidant enzymes: basic mechanisms and health implications. Physiol Rev 2016;96:307-364. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Elias M, Tawfik D. Divergence and convergence in enzyme evolution: parallel evolution of paraoxonases from quorum- -quenching lactonases. J Biol Chem 2012;287:11-20. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. McCully K. Homocysteine and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2015;8:211-219. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Myung SK, Ju W, Cho B, et al. Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2013;346:f10. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Yoshida Y, Umeno A, Akazawa Y, et al. Chemistry of lipid peroxidation products and their use as biomarkers in early detection of diseases. J Oleo Sci 2015;64:347-356. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Poznyak A, Nikiforov N, Markin A, et al. Overview of OxLDL and its impact on cardiovascular health: focus on atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2020;11:613780. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Gilad D, Atiya S, Mozes-Autmazgin Z, et al. Paraoxonase 1 in endothelial cells impairs vasodilation induced by arachidonic acid lactone metabolite. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019;1864:386-393. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Deakin S, Bioletto S, Bochaton-Piallat M, et al. HDL-associated paraoxonase-1 can redistribute to cell membranes and influence sensitivity to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;50:102-109. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Berrougui H, Loued S, Khalil A. Purified human paraoxonase-1 interacts with plasma membrane lipid rafts and mediates cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52:1372-1381. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Hine D, Mackness B, Mackness M. Cholesteryl-ester transfer protein enhances the ability of high-density lipoprotein to inhibit low-density lipoprotein oxidation. IUBMB Life 2011;63:772-774. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Kim D, Burt A, Ranchalis J, et al. PLTP activity inversely correlates with CAAD: effects of PON-1 enzyme activity and genetic variants on PLTP activity. J Lipid Res 2015;56:1351-1362. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Wu D, Wu C, Zhong Y. The association between paraoxonase 1 activity and the susceptibilities of diabetes mellitus, diabetic macroangiopathy, and diabetic microangiopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2018;22:4283-4291. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Younis N, Charlton-Menys V, Sharma R, et al. Glycation of LDL in non-diabetic people: small dense LDL is preferentially glycated both in vivo and in vitro. Atherosclerosis 2009;202:162-168. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Younis N, Soran H, Pemberton P, et al. Small dense LDL is more susceptible to glycation than more buoyant LDL in Type 2 diabetes. Clin Sci 2013;124:343-349. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Younis N, Soran H, Charlton-Menys V, et al. High-density lipoprotein impedes glycation of low-density lipoprotein. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013;10:152-160. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Leocádio PCL, Goulart AC, Santos IS, et al. Lower paraoxonase 1 paraoxonase activity is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in long-term follow-up. Coron Artery Dis 2022;33:515-522. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Xu Y, Wang K, Wang Q, et al. The Antioxidant Enzyme PON-1: A Potential Prognostic Predictor of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021;2021:6677111. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Huang J, Yun Y, Chen H, et al. Association of PON-1 polymorphism with susceptibility to and severity of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population. Per Med 2022;19:219-228. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Kjellmo C, Karlsson H, Nestvold T, et al. Bariatric surgery improves lipoprotein profile in morbidly obese patients by reducing LDL cholesterol, apoB, and SAA/PON-1 ratio, increasing HDL cholesterol, but has no effect on cholesterol efflux capacity. J Clin Lipidol 2018;12:193-202. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Lou-Bonafonte J, Gabás-Rivera C, Navarro M, et al. PON-1 and mediterranean diet. Nutrients 2015;7:4068-4092. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Roest M, Rodenburg J, Wiegman A, et al. Paraoxonase genotype and carotid intima-media thickness in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2006;13:464-466. Go to original source...
    44. Demir Y, Köksal Z. The inhibition effects of some sulfonamides on human serum paraoxonase-1 (HPON-1). Pharmacol Rep 2019;71:545-549. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    45. Dunbar R, Movva R, Bloedon L, et al. Oral apolipoprotein A-I mimetic D-4F lowers HDL-inflammatory index in high-risk patients: a first-in-human multiple-dose, randomized controlled trial. Clin Transl Sci 2017;10:455-469. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Vakili L, Hama S, Kim J, et al. The effect of HDL mimetic peptide 4F on PON-1. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010;660:167-172. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    47. Mohammed C, Lamichhane S, Connolly J, et al. A PON for all seasons: comparing paraoxonase enzyme substrates, activity and action including the role of PON-3 in health and disease. Antioxidants 2022;11:590. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    48. Loued S, Isabelle M, Berrougui H, et al. The anti-inflammatory effect of paraoxonase 1 against oxidized lipids depends on its association with high density lipoproteins. Life Sci 2012;90:88-92. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Baran A, Stepaniuk A, Kiluk P, et al. Potential Predictive Value of Serum Pentraxin 3 and Paraoxonase 1 for Cardiometabolic Disorders Development in Patients with Psoriasis-Preliminary Data. Metabolites 2022;12:580. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Moshtaghie E, Nayeri H, Moshtaghie AA, et al. The effect of homocysteine thiolactone on paraoxonase and aryl esterase activity of human serum purified paraoxonase 1 in vitro experiments. ARYA Atheroscler 2022;18:1-6.
    51. Leocádio PCL, Goulart AC, Santos IS, et al. Lower paraoxonase 1 paraoxonase activity is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in long-term follow-up. Coron Artery Dis 2022;33:515-522. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    52. Hajouj H, Khattib A, Atrahimovich D, et al. S-Nitrosylation of Paraxonase 1 (PON1) Elevates Its Hydrolytic and Antioxidant Activities. Biomolecules 2022;12:414. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Mortazavi H, Omidi-Ardali H, Amini SA, et al. In vivo/in silico insight into the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticle on serum paraoxonase 1 activity in rat. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022;40:4961-4971. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    54. Khouya T, Ramchoun M, Hmidani A, et al. Effect of supplementation with polyphenol extract of Thymus atlanticus on paraoxonase-1 activity, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in high-fat diet-fed hamsters. J Food Biochem 2022;46:e14225. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    55. Nasreen FJ, Balasubramaniam G. Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms: Understanding the biochemical and genetic basis of coronary artery disease. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022;18:257-264. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content


    Cor et Vasa

    You are accessing a site intended for medical professionals, not the lay public. The site may also contain information that is intended only for persons authorized to prescribe and dispense medicinal products for human use.

    I therefore confirm that I am a healthcare professional under Act 40/1995 Coll. as amended by later regulations and that I have read the definition of a healthcare professional.


    No
    Yes