Cor Vasa 2026, 68(5):600-604 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2026.074

The Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Concentration on the Integrity of Bovine Jugular Veins for Decellularized Pulmonary Xenografts: A Systematic Review

Atiya Nurrahmah^a, Heroe Soebroto^b, Ketut Alit Utamayasa^c, Arief Rakhman Hakim^b, Ito Puruhito^b

^a Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

^b Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

^c Department of Child Health, Cardiology Division, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Objective: The aim of this study was to thoroughly examine the data regarding how SDS concentration affects the extracellular matrix preservation, biocompatibility, biomechanical integrity, and decellularization effectiveness of bovine jugular veins used as pulmonary xenograft prototypes.

Methods: We looked for studies on SDS decellularization of bovine jugular veins in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar until July 2025. Eligible studies comprised in vitro, in vivo, and translational research evalua ting SDS concentrations (0.5-1%). The outcomes extracted encompassed DNA removal, extracellular matrix preservation, biomechanical testing, cytotoxicity, and graft patency. Narrative synthesis was conducted be cause of heterogeneity.

Results: There were fourteen studies in total. SDS at 0.5-1% successfully accomplished decellularization. SDS 0.5% kept collagen and elastin better, however it could have left some cells behind. SDS 1% cleared more DNA, but it also depleted glycosaminoglycans and made it harder for growth factors to stay in place. Biome chanical tests showed that the tensile strength was the same, but too much exposure made the constructs weaker. In vitro, cell viability diminished on 1% SDS scaffolds. Limited in vivo trials indicated satisfactory short-term patency but emphasized dangers of calcification and thrombosis.

Conclusion: SDS is effective for bovine jugular vein decellularization. Concentrations of 0.5-1% balance cellular clearance with matrix preservation, but neither is optimum. Future study should refine procedures, include enzymatic detergents, and evaluate long-term in vivo outcomes.

Keywords: Bioprosthesis, Blood vessel prosthesis implantation, Congenital heart defect, Decellularized extracellular matrix, Heart valve prosthesis implantation, Jugular veins, Tissue engineering

Received: November 4, 2025; Revised: December 1, 2026; Accepted: August 9, 2026; Prepublished online: October 12, 2026; Published: October 20, 2026  Show citation