Cor Vasa 2026, 68(1):24-30 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2025.070

Clinical Spectrum and Risk Factors for Heart Failure in Very Young Patients

Yogi Puji Rachmawan^a-c, Witri Pratiwi^d, Fawzia Haznah Nurul Imani^c, Helda^a, Bambang Budi Siswanto^e, Nurhayati Adnan^a

^a Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

^b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

^c Hasna Medika Cardiovascular Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia

^d Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

^e Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Background: The prevalence of heart failure (HF) in younger individuals is rising, challenging the traditional perception of HF as a disease of older adults. This trend carries significant clinical and economic implications, as HF requires lifelong management, leading to increased healthcare costs and reduced productivity.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the clinical spectrum and underlying risk factors of HF patients at young age.

Method: This case-control design study was conducted at HF Clinic of Hasna Medika Hospital in Cirebon. The case group were HF patients aged 17-40 years who were examined at outpatient clinic or admitted to hospital between January 2023 and December 2023. The control group were non-HF patients aged 17-40 years who were also treated at the outpatient clinic or admitted to hospital during the same period. Demographics data, risk factors, and comorbidities such as hypertension heart disease (HHD), coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atrial fibrillation (AF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be analyzed both bivariate and multivariate.

Results: A total of 190 sample shows that the highest proportion are female, with 53.7% female being HF patients and 55.8% female being non-HF patients. The proportion of patients with HFpEF is the highest in patients with CAD (35.42%). CAD and HHD are significantly (p <0.001) associated with HF at a very young age with an OR 18.38 (95% CI 6.86-49.29) and 4.39 (95% CI 2.19-8.83), respectively. Multivariate analysis in the final model shows that CAD and HHD are significantly associated with HF at a very young age, with an OR of CAD 15.57 (95% CI 5.72-42.34) and OR of HHD 3.2 (95% CI 1.46-7.01).

Conclusion: Heart failure can develop at a young age with CAD and HHD being a significant predictor.

Keywords: CAD, Heart failure, HHD, Young age

Received: March 24, 2025; Revised: May 29, 2025; Accepted: June 14, 2025; Prepublished online: June 2, 2012; Published: March 15, 2026  Show citation