Cor Vasa 2024, 66(3):349-364 | DOI: 10.33678/cor.2023.100

(Traditional risk factors and chronic diseases associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease. Risk stratification and intervention from childhood)

Veronika Urbanová^a, Jakub Mrakava^b, Karel Koubský^{c, d}, Irena Aldhoon-Hainerová^{a, b}, Kristina Rücklová^{a, b}

^a 3. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, Česká republika

^b Klinika dětí a dorostu, 3. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy a Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha, Česká republika

^c Dětské kardiocentrum, Fakultní nemocnice Motol, Praha, Česká republika

^d 2. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, Česká republika

Coronary artery disease risk not only in adults but also in children is predominantly related to risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. These traditional cardiovascular risk factors include hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking. Another high risk group for coronary artery disease are individuals with cardiac, vascular or other chronic diseases. These include chronic kidney diseases, chronic inflammatory diseases, malignancies, certain congenital heart defects, inborn or acquired coronary anomalies including interventions on coronary arteries, Kawasaki disease and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients. The presence of these chronic conditions should modify the risk assessment and de- crease the threshold for initiation of treatment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in this subpopulation. The presented review is based on the recently published scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Its aim is to increase awareness of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children as well as of the association of certain chronic conditions with accelerated atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. It also offers recommendations for the assessment and reduction of coronary artery disease risk already from childhood.

Keywords: Chronic conditions with increased risk for premature coronary artery disease, Diabetes mellitus, Familial hypercholesterolaemia, Hypertension, Obesity,

Received: November 19, 2023; Revised: December 27, 2023; Accepted: December 30, 2023; Prepublished online: June 2, 2012; Published: June 28, 2024  Show citation